What do you mean by Named – SQL query?

Named SQL queries are defined in the mapping xml document and called wherever required.
Example:

<sql-query name = "empdetails">
   <return alias="emp" class="com.test.Employee"/>      SELECT emp.EMP_ID AS {emp.empid},
                 emp.EMP_ADDRESS AS {emp.address},
                 emp.EMP_NAME AS {emp.name} 
      FROM Employee EMP WHERE emp.NAME LIKE :name
</sql-query>

Invoke Named Query :

List people = session.getNamedQuery("empdetails")
       .setString("TomBrady", name)
       .setMaxResults(50)
       .list();